On August 7, 2021, the Director General of Mineral and Coal (Dirjen Minerba) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) sent a letter T-370/MB.05/DJB.B/2021 regarding "Prohibition of Coal Sales Overseas " to the Director General of Foreign Trade, the Director General of Customs and Excise, and the Director General of Sea Transportation, stating that there are 34 coal supply companies that have not fulfilled their coal supply obligations in accordance with the sales contract with PT PLN (Persero) and/or PT PLN Batubara from the ...

An evaluation of the ASEAN Electronic Commerce Acts (ECAs) is a specific primary step toward their harmonization. This evaluation is complex due to multiple criteria and uncertain information, especially in the case of electronic contracts. This study aims to evaluate and rank the ECAs of the ASEAN countries using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method. Seven criteria are determined for the evaluation of ASEAN ECAs.

The Government has officially launched a new version of OSS under the name Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) with Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021. Pursuant to Government Regulation No 5 of 2021 regarding the Operation of Risk-Based Business Licenses or Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko ("GR No. 5/2021")

The sensitivity and value of personal information, especially financial data concerning the increasing threats, particularly in the online domain, make it urgent to assess how far financial companies are serious about respecting and protecting individuals information privacy.

The latest BI regulations classify payment system service providers into two sectors, namely payment service providers or Penyedia Jasa Pembayaran (PJP) and payment system infrastructure operators or Penyelenggaraan Infrastruktur Sistem Pembayaran (PIP). PJP carries out activities to provide information on sources of funds, payment initiation or acquiring services, administration of sources of funds and remittance services, while PIP carries out clearing and final settlement.

Nanotechnology, often referred to as the next industrial revolution after the internet, is an interdisciplinary study and the wave of the future. It is the science of manipulating technology at an atomic and molecular scale and is no longer an issue for scientists only. It has limitless potential and can be used in most areas of human need.

Modern day policy making demands to include citizens in the decision making process and this is crucial before the introduction of any emerging technology such as nanotechnology, the science and art of manipulating things at the atomic scale. Even though there is no comprehensive governing regulation, there are already more than 1600 consumer...

The supply of gas in Indonesia is quite abundant, but unfortunately, has not been used optimally domestically. To meet domestic gas needs, especially for household needs, more is supplied from imports of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In fact, gas is delivered to household customers through pipes known as the city gas network or a natural gas network for households ("Jargas"), which is much cheaper than the price of LPG. The main objective of the Jargas is to make people's lives easier, along with lowering LPG imports and saving on foreign exchange at a macro level.

Solar energy has demonstrated promising prospects in satisfying energy requirements, specifically through solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Despite that, the cost of installation is deemed as the main hurdle to the widespread uptake of solar PV systems due to the use of expensive PV material in the module. At this point, we argue that a reduction in PV cost could be achieved through the usage of concentrator

One of the adjustments for investments regulated under Law No. 11 of 2020 regarding Job Creation is the transition to a Risk-Based Investment System implemented in the Risk-Based Business Licensing. According to Article 1 Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021 regarding Risk-Based Business License Management (GR 5 2021), Risk-Based Business Licensing is a business permission that is granted to applicants to start their business according to the level of potential for injury or loss from a hazard or a combination of the likelihood and effect of the hazard.

Establishing a new company or investing in an existing business, no matter the size, requires an agreement between two or more shareholders of a corporation. The Shareholder Agreement is made not only to set out the capital and management structure, but also to mitigate any risk of default related to the implementation of the Shareholder Agreement. The Shareholder Agreement can later be implemented in the Company Article of Association.

Regulation and governance of infinite number and diversified types of engineered nanomaterials has been a genuine challenge for the regulators around the world in recent times. Recent experience with the genetically modified food compelled the regulators, specially from the Europe, to take cautious move from the very beginning regarding nanomaterials.

The construction sector has become the government's mainstay sector, especially when it comes to encouraging the National Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also a work field that still needs to use foreign workers, considering the need for special skills, especially those related to complex technology, For example, the Mass Rapid Transit project. In addition, foreign workers are used for work when the source of funds comes from investment, such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail work...

Nanotechnology, the science of using materials at the atomic or molecule scale, is the next wonder after internet. Its virtually limitless prospects compel the government, research firms and business ventures around the world to invest huge amount for its commercial application. United Nations is convinced nanotechnology can be used to achieve the Millennium Development Goal and it can improve...

Nanotechnology, often referred to as the next industrial revolution after internet, is an interdisciplinary study with limitless potential. It is now in the stage where ICT and use of plastic was in 1960s and biotechnology in 1980s. Already around 2000 consumer products are in the market and ILO predicts that by 2020, 20% of the products will be developed using nanotechnology. UNESCO traced top ten applications of nanotechnology within the UN Millennium Development Goals

Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation ("Omnibus Law") contains many new regulations regarding industrial, including the Implementation of the Energy and Mineral Resources Sector, regulated in the Government Regulation No. 25 of 2021 ("GR 25/2021"), which mostly regulates mineral mining activities and electricity. One of the new adjustments in the regulation is stipulated in article 3, which states: "Production operation Mining Business Permit, Production Operation Special Mining Business Permit and...

Law number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (or generally referred to as the Omnibus Law) contains many new regulations regarding industrial activities, requiring the implementation of new regulations. Some of those new regulations are in Government Regulation number 25 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Energy and Mineral Sector (GR 25 of 2021) which mostly regulates coal and mineral mining activity, as well as electricity.

The objective of this chapter is to examine the use of cyber means to enforce unilateral coercive measures in international law. In doing so it will consider the relationship between sanction regimes and cyberwarfare, and what might influence the effectiveness of such measures. It will begin by discussing the concept of "cyber warfare" and the threats that cyberattacks pose to States, organizations and the international legal order.